Turning and milling machine



Nov. 19, 1940. A. L. STONE ETAL TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Filed 001:. 25, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet l an a wmm km 2 :w tum mom lll||1|ll hwl u l l n I: NQN

Nov. 19, 1940. A STONE ETAL 2,222,206

TURNING AND [MILLING MACHINE Filed Oct. 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Inventors .Elberil. Stone,

Nov. 19, 1940. A. L. STONE ETAL 2,222,206

TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Filed Oct. 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Invenfors n l .Elberll, .Sforze,

fianfllyhzs, Josepkl/Jppletorz.

NOV. 19, A L sTONE ET AL TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Filed Oct. 25, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 NW2, 19, W40. A STQNE ET AL 2222,206

TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Filed Oct. 25, 1938 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 i L V ay/k112i),

Nov. 19, 1940.

A. L. STONE ETAL 2,222,206

TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Filed Oct. 25, 1958 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 i'i'i'l'iiiiiiiili A Hlllllllllllllllllll I .114. 516 an I Patented Nov. 19, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE TURNING AND MILLING MACHINE Application October 25, 1938, Serial No. 236,874

4 Claims.

This invention has to do generally with machines for performing turning and milling operations, and is more particularly concerned with machines especially adapted to perform such op- 5 erations on tubular work such as, for example, drill-pipe, tool joints, well casing and the like. The objects and features of the invention may be pointed out to better advantage by considering one specific problem which it solves, though this consideration is to be considered merely as illustrative and is not to be taken at all as inferring that the invention is limited in its advantageous application thereto.

By way of illustration, reference is made to 15 Patent No. 1,932,427 issued October 31, 1 933 to Frederick Stone on Well pipe joint and Patent No. 2,006,520 issued July 2, 1935 to Frederick Stone et al. on Casing joint.

In these patents it will be noted that a high 20 degree of dimensional accuracy is required in order that the threaded joints may function properly. Accordingly, the standards of dimensional accuracy are rigid throughout the numerous manufacturing steps. These requirements naturally increase the cost of manufacture and yet this cost must be held down sufficiently to allow a consumer-cost which will lie within competitive limits. Also contributing to the neces sity for extreme care in accurately manufactur- 3 ing the joints is the fact that the threaded box members of the joints are frequently formed in integral, upset ends of the pipe, proper, and that a failure of or deficiency in any given box member renders useless the entire length of the .1 associated pipe, thus representing a loss much greater than that of the box, per se. Likewise, despite the fact that a given box to be machined is of relatively little bulk and longitudinal extent, the entire length and bulk of the integral pipe n has to be "manipulated during the chucking and machining operations, it following that the difiiculties of manufacture are considerably aggra vated.

It is therefore among thegeneral objects of the invention to provide a machine which, in spite of the inherent difliculties encountered in this type of manufacture, will fulfill all accuracy requirements with minimum effort and cost.

In machining these particular types of thread- .m ed joints, there are required a series of inner and outer truzing cuts, shoulder facing cuts, boring cuts, milling cuts, and threading operations, which latter may be most expeditiously and accurately accomplished by thread-milling. In

to carrying out the turning operations, the work is rotated at relatively high speed while the tool is held against rotation, though fed longitudinally of the Work. On the other hand, in performing the milling operations, the work is 1'0- tated at relatively low speed, while the tool is 5 rotated at relatively high speed and, in most cases, is fed longitudinally in timed relation to the angular velocity of the work. For instance,

in thread-milling, the Work is slowly rotated through 360 while the rapidly rotating thread mill or hob is moved longitudinally a distance equal to the pitch of the thread to be out. If the thread is to be tapered, the tool is moved transversely with respect to the work axis in timed relation to the longitudinal movement of the tool.

The characteristics of the turning and milling operations are thus quite different, and heretofore there has been available no single machine which could expeditiously accompish the 2 functions of both with a single set-up of tools.

It has been customary to perform the turning operation on a lathe-type machine, leaving sufficient excess stock to allow for later finishing cuts, and then to transfer the work to a milling type of machine, where the finishing and threading cuts are accomplished by milling cutters and the like.

This transfer from one machine to another necessitates a second chucking oi the work, and in this re-chucking operation, attempt has to be made to line up the work in the second machine just as it was lined up in the first. This attempt at accurate re-chucking is not only expensively time-consuming and difficult to accomplish (as a matter of fact, it is practically impossible to do it with full accuracy) but, in order even to approach required accuracy, the operation in the first machine usually includes an outside or peripheral truing cut to provide a cylindrical surface which is truly centered with respect to the inside boring cuts, said surface being adapted later to be taken within the chuck of the second machine so, if properly ire-chucked, the axis of the cut bore coincides with the chuck axis. This exterior truing out not only represents an extra operation but also reduces the thickness of the box walls, an obvious disadvantage and one which is often practically pro hibitive since, in some types of work, the original dimensions of the work are such that there is little or no extra stock to spare. These conditions are well recognized by those familiar with the art.

To overcome such serious problems, we have provided a single machine which has, among its novel and advantageous features, the capacity of performing both turning and milling" types of operations on the work with a singleset-up of the tools. The machine involves the use of a turret upon which may be mounted a plurality of tools, one or more of which may be in the nature of milling cutters adapted to be brought selectively into opposition with the work by rotation of the turret, plus means for driving the turret-carried milling tool or tools and means for properly relating the angular velocity of the work and the bodily movement of the tools to correspond with the particular operation to be performed by each tool as it is put into effective position. Additionally, there are provided on the turret one or more turning tools which are held against rotation and are adapted to be brought selectively into opposition with the work. When these turning tools are in operation, the work-head is capable of being speeded up to give proper turning speeds. Thus, without changing the tool set-up on the turret, and with a single chucking of the work there may be accomplished a complete cycle of machinlng operations (both turning and milling); all of which contributes greatly to the expedition and high degree of accuracy with which the joint may be manufactured.

The turning and milling operations of a given cycle may be accomplished in any desired order or sequence. For instance, there may be alternately a turning operation and a milling operation, or there may be two or more successive milling operations followed by one or more turning operations. The operator may vary the sequence and number of operations to any extent he may desire within the limits of the particular range or set-up of any given machineall without losing the benefit of a single chucking of the work.

Also, so far as we are aware, we have provided the first machine by which a plurality of milling operations, each operation calling for the use of a separate milling cutter, may be accomplished expeditiously. We have accordingly directed certain of our sub-combination claims to that feature without involving those claims in any way with the additional novel features of combining non-rotatable cutters with the milling cutters.

Other objects and features of the invention will be made apparent in the following detailed description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinally contracted plan view, partly in cross section, showing an embodiment of our invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the head-stock portion of the machine;

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of Fig. 2 ,as viewed from the left thereof;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 4-4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the tool-head portion of the machine, shown partly in brokenaway section;

Fig. 6 is an end elevation of Fig. 5 as viewed from the right thereof;

Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 7-1 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 88 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section on line 9-9 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line Ill-I0 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 11 is a section on line |IH of Fig. 6;

Fig. 12 is a schematic View of the tool-turret illustrating the manner of forming sequential operations on given Work;

Fig. 13 illustrates one of the steps in a milling operation performed with our device;

Fig. 14 illustrates a thread milling operation performed with our device; and

Fig. 15 is a horizontal section of a turret showing a variational embodiment of a portion of our invention.

While we will describe certain structures and various feed and control mechanisms with some particularity in order to set forth certain operative capacities possessed by a machine embodying our invention, it will be understood this is done for illustrative purposes only and that the invention, considered in its broader aspects, is not limited thereto except for such limitations as the claims may fairly import.

Likewise, while we will set forth certain, typical machining operations which lie within the capacity of the machine, this is not at all to be considered as limiting the scope of our invention as expressed in the claims nor as inferring that the operations must be carried out in the sequence and exact manner described.

At It] we have indicated a base frame which supports in the usual manner a bed H made up of ways l2 and I3 which are properly lined up with the axis AA of the head-stock generally indicated at M which supports, by bearings IS, a hollow, work-taking spindle I 6 provided with the usual chuck, conventionally illustrated at ll. We have here indicated the work W as comprising a well pipe with an upset end or box I8 adapted to receive various machining operations which will ultimately produce a threaded jointpart, as described in the introduction to this specification, though, as previously expressed, it is not to be inferred that the machine is limited in its capacity to perform these particular operations. The work is, of course, chucked at I! so its axis will be coincident with axis AA of headstock I4 and spindle 16.

The tool-head is generally indicated at l9 and embodies a carriage generally indicated at 20, which carriage includes a saddle 21 mounted as at 22 on ways l2, I3 (Fig. 9) for sliding movement longitudinally of bed II. A dove-tail interfit 23 between saddle 2| and way I2 is provided at one side of the carriage while a bracket 24 is secured at 25 to the other side of the carriage and has an inward projection 26 which, with its gib 21, engages the underside of overhang 28 on way I3 to hold down said other side of the carriage. Dove-tail interfit 23 and downward projection 29 with its gib 30 serve to hold the carriage against movement transversely of the Ways.

On the underside of way [2 is a longitudinally extending feed-rack 3| (Fig. 8) with which is meshed a pinion 32 on shaft 33, the latter being carried by apron 34. On shaft 33 is a usual carriage-traversing wheel 35 whereby pinion 32 may be manually rotated to cause, through its engagement with rack 3|, movement of carriage 20 longitudinally of bed I I. Suitably calibrated graduations 35a are provided on wheel-hub 3512, which may be read in connection with indicator mark 350 on apron neck 35d, to guide the operator in measuring distances of carriage-movement along bed ll.

As one means for automatically traversing the carriage, there is provided a feed bar 36 which has a longitudinally extending keyway 3'! (Fig. 5)

adapted to take key 3.8 wherebya worm 39 is held against rotation with respect to the bar, though it is longitudinally slidable thereon. Worm 33 is, in effect, carried by apron 34, being held against longitudinal movement with respect to' that apron by brackets 46 (Figs. and 8) which also give sliding bearing for the feed bar.

Meshed with worm 39 is a worm wheel 4! mounted for rotation on shaft 42 which extends transversely of the apron. The feed bar takes its rotative drive from the head-stock in a manner to be described, but it will suffice at this point to state that worm wheel 4| is rotated constantly by worm it so long as the feed bar is being driven and irrespective of the position which carriage 20 occupies along bed II.

A feed bar clutch is generally indicated at 43, being made up of a cone 44 which is rotatable about and slidable longitudinally of shaft 42. This cone is adapted to fit the complementary bore 45 of worm wheel 4|, and, when the cone is moved to its extreme leftwise position (Fig. 8) it frictionally engages the worm wheel so the rotation of said wheel is imparted to cone 44. Cone 44 has a shank 46 carrying integral gear 41 which is meshed with pinion 48, the latter being mounted on apron-stud 49 and meshing, in turn, with gear 56 on shaft 33. The usual manually operated clamping cam 5i, actuated by handle 5Ia (Fig. 1) is provided on shaft 42. When this cam is in inoperative position, clutch-springs 52 move cone 44 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 8, to cause release of clutch 43 so the drive from worm wheel M is not imparted to cone 44. However, when cam 5! is rotated to operative position, cone 44 is urged into frictional engagement with worm wheel 4i and the rotative drive of that wheel is imparted through cone 44 and gears 41, 48 and till to shaft 33, which, in turn, drives pinion 32 over raclr 3i and thus causes movement of carriage 2i) longitudinally along bed I I.

There is also provided lead-screw means for traversing the carriage in extremely accurate timed relation with the angular velocity of work spindle Hi. This means includes a lead-screw 54 (Figs. 1, 4, '7 and 8) supported at its inner end by head-stock M (Fig. 4) in a manner to be described later, and at its outer end in a nut 55 which is rigidly secured to the underside of saddle it at it (Fig. '7). For the present, it will suffice to say that when lead-screw 54 is rotated while being held against bodily longitudinal movement, its threaded engagement with nut 55 causes movement of carriage 20 longitudinally of a bed I! in accurately timed relation to the angular velocity of spindle It.

A cross-slide 51 is mounted on upstanding saddle-ways 58 and 5%), the interfit between crossslide and ways being of the type clearly shown in Fig. 5 so as to prevent rocking movement and side-play of the slide. Ways 5% and 59 are exactly normal to the longitudinal axis of bed I I.

Slide 57 has a circular platform 6!] with a truly horizontal upper face BI, and the hollow turret indicated generally at 6?. has a circular base plate tit whose underfaee engages platform-face ti. Platform Bil and plate 62 are of equal diameter and are held in concentric relation but capable of relative rotation by means of a downwardly tapering centering cone 65 which has running fit in the complementary bore 66 of platform ti). Annular groove 61 gives vertical clearance between platform and base about cone 65, as clearly shown in Fig. 7.

Disregarding for the time being the means for clamping the platform and the turret against relative rotation and for indexing the angular movement of the turret, it will be seen that side walls 63 to 13, inclusive, of turret 62 define a regular polygon, as viewed in plan though, of course, this shape is not to be considered as limitative on the invention. However it adapts itself particularly well to the purpose in hand. Each of these side walls may .be considered as a tool station. Certain of the stations (such as 63, 69, and H, for instance) are provided with bolts 13 or other suitable attachment means whereby chosen tools may be interchangeably affixed to the individual stations. Of course, the shape of the turret may be altered to provide any number of angularly spaced stations, and the particular tools applied to any or all of those stations will depend upon the particular nature and sequence of operations to be performed on the given work.

We have here shown the following stationarily mounted tools; stop 14 on station 68, an endfacing tool 75 on station 12, a finishing reamer E6 on station H, and a finishing facing tool Tl on station 59. As an essential part of our invention, we also provide one or more live tools on turret 62, and in the illustrated embodiment we show two such tools, one a blanking milling cutter 18 at station it and threading mill or hob 179 on the diametrically opposite station ill. The fact that we have here shown two such milling tools and the fact that, as will be described, both these tools are mounted on a single driven spindle, should in no way be taken as an indication that our invention is limited to such illustrated characteristics, though the mounting of the two milling tools on the single spindle is of decided advantage both as a feature of space and part economy and from the standpoint of giving superior bearing and balance to the drive spindle.

As will be seen by reference to Figs. 1 and 5, milling cutters l8 and I9 have tapered shanks 80 and ti, respectively, which are frictionally held in the complementary tapered bores 82 and 83, respectively, of spindle 84, this spindle having rotational bearing at 35 in hubs B6 on walls ill and 13. Rings 8i bolted to said walls at 88, serve removable bearing retainers and oil rings, while the spindle is held against end play by the fly wheel or inertia mass 88, which is pinned to the spindle by set screws 85), and gear 90, both gear and fly wheel being keyed to the spindle as indicated at! (Fig. 5). A reversible, variable speed motor 92 is mounted on the top plate 93 of turret 62 and is adapted to drive spindle 84 and hence cuttei's l3 and it through the following reduction gear train; gears 94, 95, E35, 91, t8, and 90, plate 93 being cut away as at 99 to allow gear 98 operatively to engage spindle-gear 90.

It will. be seen that mounting of fly wheel 8Q within turret hollow fit and on the spindle between the cutters, not only leads to economy of space and allows the single wheel to exert its movement--steadying, storedmp energy on both euttrs. but it places that inertia mass at a most efficient point--that is, at a point close to the cutters and directly their driving spindle,

and also at point adjacent to and between the in sp te of weight, it has able bending effect on the spindle.

In Fig. we have shown a variational embodiment wherein turret @320. has a spindle 134av mounted and driven in the same manner as that described in connection with Figs. 1 and 5 (with the spindle adapted to take cutters at opposite ends thereof, as previously described) but here station 12a is adapted to carry a live tool, the tapered shank of which is indicated at 121). Shank IFlb is adapted to have frictional fit in auxiliary spindle I00 which is mounted for rotation in bearing [0| carried by wall 72a. Held to spindle I00 by set screw I02 and key I22 is a bevel gear I03 which meshes with bevel gear I04 keyed at I04 to spindle 840.. Here, the fly wheel 89a is keyed to spindle 84a at 89b, and is held against longitudinal movement with respect to the shaft (and hence holds the shaft against endwise play through the turret) by means of set screw 89". One end of the fly wheel is tapered as at I05 to accommodate gear I03. Spindle 84a gets its power from gear 90a in the same manner as that described in connection with spindle 84 and gear 90, and thus serves to drive both the tools carried at its opposite ends and the tool carried by auxiliary spindle I00. It will be noted that in the form of Fig. 1, gear 90 adds its mass to that of fly wheel 29 in a manner to contribute to the steadying or non-chattering effect on the cutter, as is also true of gears 90a and I04 of the form shown in Fig. 15. And it will also be noted that the fly wheel effect gained from these gears located within the hollow I00a of the turret is applied to the cutter spindle at the most advantageous points.

There are provided means whereby, when the turret is manually rotated to bring any given station and its tool into opposition with work W, the turret is automatically pegged in proper position, whereupon a clamp is operated to hold the turret solidly against platform 60 and thus take up all lost-motion or play. In base plate 63 of the turret there is provided a plurality of tapered sockets I0! corresponding, one each, to the stations, these sockets being arranged concentrically about the vertical axis 0-0 which represents the axis of rotation of turret 02. A detent or indexing plunger I08, having a tapered head I09, is mounted for vertical reciprocation in platform bore I09, a spring IIO, which encircles the shank III of detent I03 and is positioned within counterbore H2, serving to exert constant upward force on the detent. Thus, assuming a given station is in proper opposition to work W, detent head I09 will snugly fit the socket I0! wihch corresponds to that station (Fig. 7).

For freeing or clearing the detent we have provided an operating handle II3 which is adapted also to operate the turret clamp indicated generally at II4 (Figs. '7 and 11). This clamp is made up of two half-rings or bands II5 whose inner peripheral faces IIE are V-shaped to take the complementary, conical peripheral faces II! and H8 of platform 60 and base plate 63, respectively. One set of opposed ends of bands I I5 are connected by bolt I I9, while th opposite ends of the bands carry lugs I20 and I2I. A right-and-left-hand screw I22 is threadably taken by lugs I20, I2I, while the hub I23 of handle II 3 is non-rotatably mounted on the screw between lugs I20 and I2I. The thread arrangement is such that when handle I I3 is in the position of Fig. 7, screw I22 will have drawn lugs I20 and I2I toward each other a sufficient distance to tightly constrict the clamping bands about platform 60 and the base plate of the turret, thus preventing all relative movement between them and holding the turret in a position of full steadiness on the cross-slide.

When occasion arises for rotating the turret to bring the next succeeding station into opposition with the work, handle I I3 is depressed from the position shown in Fig. 7. This movement serves to actuate screw I 22 in a manner to unclamp bands II5 from the turret and platform,

'and a continuation of its downward movement swings projection I24 on hub I23 into engagement with arm I25 on bell-crank I26. This bellcrank is mounted for oscillation on pivot pin I21, and its arm I28, by virtue of the described clockwise movement of the bell-crank, acts against head I29 on detent-shank III in a manner to depress the detent against the action of spring H0 and thus to clear head I09 from socket I01.

The turret is then manually rotated and, of course, the under face 64 of plate 63 will hold detent I 08 depressed until the socket I01 corresponding to the next station comes into register with counterbore II2. Thereupon, spring IIO will project the detent upwardly into that next socket I01 and will prevent further rotation of the turret, the spring being sufficiently strong to urge the detent upwardly and at the same time to act through bell-crank I26 .to lift handle I i3 slightly, though not into its clamping position. Thereafter, handle H3 is raised to the position of Fig. 7, thus acting, as has been described, to rotate screw I22 in a manner which constricts bands H5 about the platform and turret base and thus clamps them rigidly against relative movement in any direction.

When stop I30 on cross-slide 5'! is engaged with stop I3I on saddle 2| (Figs. 1 and 6) the arrangement is such that the axis of any given turret-tool is in alinement with work or spindle axis A-A, that is, assuming detent I09 is in the corresponding socket I07. Or, of course, any other suitable stop or indexing means may be provided between the carriage and cross-slide whereby the operator may shift the cross-slide and its turret to a position where he is positive the tool axis will line up properly with the work axls.

Particularly when live tools such as the milling cutters are to perform their operations, it becomes essential that cross-slide 5'! be shifted transversely with respect to bed II. And, where cuts of predetermined taper are to be made by the tool, it is essential that the cross-slide and tool be fed transversely of the bed coincidently with and in accurately timed relation to the movement of the carriage longitudinally of the bed. We will now describe the means for accomplishing this cross feed both manually and automatically.

Referring to Fig. 9 it will be seen that crossfeed wheel I32 (whose hub is suitably graduated at I33 so its angular movement may be read by reference to index mark I34 on stationary apronneck I35) is fixed to shaft I39 which is rotatably carried at its opposite ends by apron 34 in the manner clearly shown in Fig. 9. Set screw I31 extends into shaft-groove I38 to prevent end wise play of said shaft, the latter having gear teeth I39 which mesh with gear I40. Gear I40 is keyed to section I4I of the telescopic crossfeed shaft generally indicated at I42, the other section I43 of said shaft comprising the crossfeed screw. Shaft section I4I has bearing at I44 in apron 34 and is held against longitudinal movement with respect thereto by means of washer I45 and nut I46. The free end of section MI is fluted as at I47; while shaft section or screw I43 is bored and fluted at I48 to receive the fluted portion of section I4 I, it following that section I43 may move bodily longitudinally toward and away from apron 34 and yet remain in rotative drive connection with section MI.

Shaft section I43 is threaded through the crossfeed nut I50 which is here shown integral with and depending from cross-slide 51. The outer end of screw I43 has swivel connection at IEI with block I 52, the latter being pivoted at I53 on vertical stud I54 carried by slide-head I55 of the taper-attachment, generally indicated at I58. Since bracket 24, which makes up a part of the taper-attachment, is rigid with carriage 22, and since slide-head I55 is connected through block I52, rod I43, nut I58, and cross-slide 51 to the carriage, said bracket and head will move along with: the carriage when; the latter is moved longitudinally of bed II.

Mounted for sliding movement on top bracket Hand in a path parallel to ways I2 and I3, is slide-plate I51, said plate being confined to the described path by reason of its dove-tail interfit I58 with channel I59 cut in the upper face of bracket 2d. The right hand end of plate I51 (as viewed in Fig. 1) is provided with a bore I69 which is continued through and to the end of plate-extension IEI. This bore is adapted to take, with sliding fit, a rod I62 which is anchored to the end of frame It] by bracket I63.

We have provided means for releasably clamping extension NH and hence plate I51 to rod I62 when the taper attachment is to be put into operation. This clamp is shown in Figs. 1 and 10, The outer end I64 of extension I6! is in the form of a split ring or clamp having spaced side lugs I25 and I66. A clamping screw IE1 is threaded into lug I66 while its upper end passes with working clearance through here H58 in lug I65. Screw I61 has a head IE9, and an extension lever I12 extends from this head to the opposite or operator's side of the machine. It will be seen that by swinging lever I10 in a clockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. l, screw I61 will move lug Itfi toward lug IE5, thus drawing splitclamping ring Iii I into tight binding engagement with rod I62 and thereafter preventing relative longitudinal movement between that rod and plate I51. On the other hand by swinging lever I19 in the opposite direction, the clamping screw loosens the split ring I34 from about rod I62, whereupon relative longitudinal movement is permitted between rod I62 and plate I51.

Resting between plate I51 and slide-head I55 is a taper adjustment plate or rail I1I, this plate being centrally pivoted on stud I12 which extends upwardly from and is integral with plate I515. Slide head I55 has a longitudinally extending and downwardly opening dove-tail channel I13 which interfits with a complementary way I'lil extending longitudinally along the upper side of plate I'Il. Plate I1I stops a little short of the left hand end of plate I51 (as viewed in Fig. 1) and is provided with an arcuate slot I15 which is struck about stud I12 as a center, this slot accommodating the clamping bolt I16 which extends into threaded engagement with plate Itl. It will be seen that, after loosening bolt I15, plate I1I may be swung about stud I12 as a center to vary the inclination of plate I1I with respect to the longitudinal axis of bed II. Gage marks I11 and I18 on plate Hi1 and HI, respectively, indicate the extent of angle to which the plate or rail I1I is set.

Now assume that it is desired to manually feed cross slide 51 transversely of bed II during a time at which there is no coincident longitudinal movement of carriage 22. By rotating crossfeed wheel I32, shaft section MI is rotated through gears I39 and MI] and, due to the fluted or sliding key connection between sections MI and M3, this results in rotation of section I43. Since the outer end of shaft section I43 is held against transverse displacement with respect to carriage 22 through its mounting on the taper attachment as previously described, this rotation of shaft Hi3 acts through nut Hill to feed cross slide 51 transversely of carriage 2! the direction of movement depending of course upon the direction in which wheel I32 is rotated.

If it happens that this manual cross feeding is to be accomplished during coincident movement of the carriage longitudinally of bed II, it is necessary to release the taper attachment by swinging lever Ill] in a direction to unclamp ring Hi l from rod I22. Then, during the longitudinal movement of the carriage and the coincident movement of bracket 2d and slide head I55, plates I51 and Hi are merely carried bodily along with that bracket and slide head without interference and without disturbing the handfeed of the cross slide 51. During such movement, of course, extension IISI and plate I51 merely slide idly along rod I22.

On the other hand, when the taper attachment Hit is to be put into play so the cross slide will automatically travel transversely with respect to bed II coincidently with the movement of the carriage 2E! longitudinally along that bed (plate I1I having been previously rotated about stud I12 and clamped by bolt lit in such position thatthe proper angle per foot is indicated at I11, I12), lever I'II) is swung in. a direction to clamp ring Hi l to rod I62. As a result of this clamping, plates I51 and H! are held against relative longitudinal movement with respect to the lathe bed and, accordingly, as the carriage is shifted longitudinally of bed II, head I55 will slide along angled rail or plate I51 and will thrust or pull (depending upon the direction in which slide head I55 moves and upon the position to which plate I1I has been rotated during the setting operation) upon block I52 and rod section I43, which thrust or pull reacts on nut I50 to shift cross-slide 51 transversely of carriage 2B in one direction or the other. During such bodily longitudinal movement of shaft section Hi3, it will be evident that the telescopic joint Hi2 will be extended or contracted so that no endwise thrust or pull will be exerted on shaft section I lI.

It is evident that the degree of inclination of plate I1I with respect to the longitudinal axis of plate IE1 and henceto the longitudinal axis of bed II, determines the ratio of the extent of transverse cross-slide movement to the extent of longitudinal movement of the carriage with respect to bed II, and thus determines the angle of the taper cut by a turret-tool. In the example shown, the setting is such that the turret moves transversely approximately one-half inch while the carriage travels longitudinally one foot, giving a taper cut of one-half inch to the foot.

Of course, if plates Ill and I51 are lined up and clamped so they are axially parallel, clamp I554 need not be loosened while the cross slide is manually operated, for under such circumstances the taper-attachment will not cause longitudinal shifting of cross-feed screw I43 even though the carriage 28 be moved longitudinally of bed II. Consequently under such conditions, the cross slide may be manually shifted by rotating wheel !32 even though the carriage 26 be coincidently moving longitudinally of bed H.

We will now describe the means for rotating work-spindle l6 and, through that spindle, selectively operating either feed bar 36 or leadscrew 54. A gear box 200 is secured by bracket 25! to one side of frame In (Figs. 1 and 3), and supports a power shaft 202 driven from any suitable source such as a reversible motor (not shown) upon which shaft are mounted the change-speed gears 263, 204 and 205. Companion gears 285, 281 and 208 are slidably mounted on but keyed to a jack shaft 29, also supported by box 285, and a gear shift lever 2! I] is connected to shifter fork 2| I whereby a selected gear on shaft 229 may be meshed with its companion gear on shaft 292, thus giving an ample range of speed to shaft 259 with given motor speed.

Mounted in bearings 2!2 on the side of head stock !4 is a worm shaft 2!3 carrying a gear 2! which is constantly in mesh with gear 2!5 on jack shaft 209 and with gear 2|6 which is rotatively mounted on work spindle !6 (Figs. 1 and 4). Gear 2!6 has side clutch teeth 2!1, while worm 2!8 on shaft 2!3 meshes with worm wheel 2l9 (Figs. 1 and 3) on shaft 226 which has bearing in head stock I4 and carries an integral worm portion 22!. Worm 22! meshes with worm wheel 222 which is mounted for rotation on spindle I6 and has side clutch teeth 223. It will thus be seen that free-running gears 2!6 and 222 are constantly rotated as long as jack-shaft 209 is rotated, though, for a given speed of shaft 209, the angular velocity of worm wheel 222 will be very decidedly less than that of gear 2!6. Worm wheel 222 and gear 2l6 are held against relative movement toward or away from each other as by key 226.

As will appear, gear 2!6 is utilized for driving spindle !6 when turning operations are being carried out, while worm wheel 222 is used for driving the work spindle when milling operations are to be performed. As a means for selectively imparting the drive from gear H6 or worm wheel 222 to spindle [6, we provide the selective clutch 224 which includes a ring 225 slidably mounted on spindle !5 but keyed thereto at 226 (Fig. 4), ring 225 being between and selectively slidable toward and away from gears 2!6 and 222. The opposite sides of clutch ring 225 have clutch teeth 228 and 229, and a shifting fork 230 is carried by sleeve 23! which is slidably mounted on rod 232, the latter being carried between uprights 233 and 234 of head stock I4. When clutch ring 225 occupies a .median position between gears 2!6 and 222, as

determined by the entrance of spring-pressed detent 233' in rod groove 234' (Fig. 4) and to which position it may be moved by manipulation of shifting handle 235 on sleeve 23!, the clutch ring is free of clutch teeth 2H and 223, it following that gear 2!6 and worm wheel 222 merely rotate idly about spindle !6. When the clutch ring 225 is shifted tothe left (the position shown in Figs. 1 and 4) where it is releas- Y ably held by the entrance of detent 233' in rodgroove 231, the drive is imparted. from worm wheel 222 through clutch teeth' 223 and 229 to clutch ring 225 which, through its key connection 226, drives spindle I6.

On the other hand, when sleeve 23! is moved tothe right, (as viewed in Fig. 4) to a position where detent 233' engages rod groove 24D, clutch teeth 2!1 are engaged with clutch teeth 228 and gear 2l6 is thus adapted to rotate clutch smaller gear 245, and is provided with a central a.

groove 246 to take a shifter fork 241 mounted on the slide rod 248, the latter being slidably mounted in upright-carried bearings 249 and having a shift lever 25!].

In the position shown in Figs. 2 and 3, shift lever 25!) is in such a postion that gear 242 is in mesh with gear 252, the latter being bolted at 253 to the end of hollow spindle 254 of the lead-screw clamping device indicated generally at 255. causes coincident rotation of gear 252 and spindle 254, the latter having bearing at 256 in upright 233 (Fig. 4) and being held against lengthwise movement by washers 251 and 258, the latter being retained in position by nut 259.

Collet chuck 260 is mounted within the bore of spindle 254, its longitudinally split and tapered head 26! being taken within the tapered counterbore 262 of the spindle. The unthreaded portion 54' of lead-screw 54 extends through the bore 263 of collet 260 and has longitudinally extending key-ways 264 which take keys 265 carried by ring 266, the latter being bolted at 261 to the end of spindle 254. When collet chuck 260 is out of radial clamping engagement with lead-screw 54, rotation of spindle 254 causes coincident rotation of lead-screw 54 through keys 265, but since at this time the lead-screw is capable of relative longitudinal movement with respect to collet 260 and spindle 254, the rotation of this lead-screw causes it to feed back or forth through nut 55, the unthreaded portion 54 merely moving idly back or forth through the smooth collet bore while the carriage remains stationary. Likewise when the collet is out of clamping engagement and the carriage is shifted by the feed bar or by actuation of wheel 35, the lead-screw will be moved by carriage nut longitudinally and freely through the collet bore.

However, when it is desired to feed the carriage longitudinally by virtue of lead-screw rotation (and at such time spindle !6 will normally be driven at relatively low speed through worm wheel 222) it is only necessary to clamp the leadscrew to spindle 254 to hold them against relative longitudinal movement, whereupon rotation of the lead-screw reacts with carriage nut 55 in a manner to shift carriage 20 longitudinally of bed At such times, of course, clutch 43 of the feed-bar drive is disengaged.

This clamping of the lead screw to spindle 254 is accomplished in the following manner. Gear 252 has an internal annular groove 210 into which fit the spherical ends of arms 21! of bell cranks 212, the latter being pivoted at 213 to a ring 214 threaded on collet 260. The longer arms 215 of cranks 212 are connected by links 216 to a collar 211 which is slidably mounted on collet 266 and has an annular groove 218 adapted to take a shifter fork 219 carried on rod 280. This It follows that rotation of spindle l6 means when collet 26B is out of clamping engagement with the lead-screw, that is, the collet is not radially compressed to a degree effectively resisting relative longitudinal movement between collet and leadscrew.

Whenhandle 282 is lifted to clear it from plate notch 234 and then shifted to the right (as viewed in Fig. 2) and dropped into the retaining notch 22-5, rod 286 is drawn to the right in Fig. 4, which causes coincident and like movement of collar it'll. This movement of the collar acts, through links 275, to swing the upper bell crank H2 in a clockwise direction and the lower crank in a countenclockwise direction. These cranks, being fulcrumed at 21! in the longitudinally stationary gear 252, move pivot points 213 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 4, .thus carrying collar 2'! and collet 2% to the left as viewed in this figure. The tapered and split head 26! of the collet is thus drawn further into conical bore 262 and is radially contracted into clamping engagement with lead screw54 and, of course, the collet head is at the same time tightly frictionally engaged with spindle 25 1, it following that relative longitudinal movement is prevented between the leadscrew and spindle 254. Consequently rotation of the now longitudinally fixed lead-screw causes that screw to coact with nut 55 in a manner to feed carriage 2E3 longitudinally of the bed. Angular movement of spindle 254 is imparted to screw lit by keys 5265, though it will be evident that the friction-tight fit of the collet with both spindle and lead-screw may, if desired, be depended upon to impart this rotary drive.

As an example, all the gear ratios and threads may be such that with spindle l6 driven by worm wheel 222 and with gear 242 engaged with gear 2&2, carriage 20 will be advanced along bed ii exactly the right amount, during one revolution of spindle Iii to mill a thread of given pitch. On the other hand, if the shifter fork Ml be moved to its extreme position to the left (dotted lines in Fig. 2) gear 242 will remain in mesh with gear 2 but will be carried out of mesh with gear 252. However, in this extreme left-hand position, gear 2 15, which is smaller than gear M2, will be brought into mesh with gear 2% which is larger than gear 252 and is held to clamping spindle 2534 by bolt 253. With this changed gear ratio, the carriage 26 will be fed along bed li a lesser distance per revolution of work spindle it, thus adapting the machine to cut a thread of a pitch different from that cut when spindle 254 was driven directly from gear 242.

It will be seen that in either of the described positions of gears M2 and 245, there is no driving connection between spindle gear 24! and the first gear 29! of the gear train which is adapted to drive feed bar 36. However, if shift lever 2553 be moved to an intermediate position, gears 2&2 and 245 will be moved out of mesh with gears 252 and 290, respectively, while gear 2% will be moved into mesh with gear 29!, the latter being mounted on shaft 292 supported on upright 233 by bearing 293. Also keyed to shaft 293 is a pinion 294 which meshes with gear 295 on shaft 286, the latter having bearing at 291. Change-gears 29B and 299 are replaceably held on shafts 2% and 300, respectively, the latter having bearing in frame lll. Shaft 390 carries pinion (it! which meshes with gear 3&2, the latter being keyed to feed bar 3%. The gear ratio from spindle gear 24! to feed bar gear 302 is such that the carriage may be advanced bythat feed bar at a rate properly related to the angular velocity of work spindle iii in performing given turning operations. By substituting change gears of different diameters than those shown at 298 and 299, it will be apparent this ratio of work-spindle speed to carriage travel may be varied between wide limits.

In describing the following sequential operations on the particular type of work we have chosen to illustrate, it will be understood this is done merely by way of giving a typical example, and in no way intended to infer that the machine is limited in its use to this particular sequenoe of operations nor that, in producing the final result here shown, the operations need be exactly those described. As has been said, it is assumed that work W is in the form of a well pipe-having an integral upset box it which has formed therein a two-step, tapered thread. The two steps of the finished thread are indicated at 365 and 306 in Fig. 12, where work W is shown as engaged by facing tool H, the finished joint also having an internal conical seat tit! and an external conical seat 3%.

In order to simplify the showing, the schematic lay-out of Fig. 12 indicates that the work is coincidently at the several stations, but the following description will proceed as though Fig. 12 showed the work in its normal position and the turret rotated to bring the tools individually and successively to the work.

The turret is first rotated to a position where stop 14 is in opposition to the work, it being understood that turret-clamp Hi and indexing detent I08 are operated between each angular movement of the turret to present different stations in oppositions to the work, in the manner previously described. Before the work is chucked up, it is thrust through spindle it until its squarecut end 309 engages stop M, thus locating the 1 work endwise in proper relationship with the turret when the latter is moved into operative position.

After chucking the work, the turret is moved by racking carriage 2i] to the right, as viewed in Fig. 1, and is rotated to bring blanking mill 13 into opposition with the work. At this time, cross slide 51 is put in such position that stop 13% engages stop l3l, it thus being assured that mill 18 is axially alined with the work. The turret is then shifted toward the head stock by proper movement of carriage 20 until the mill is within work bore 3H1, as shown in Fig. 12. While the work is being rotated relatively slowly through worm wheel 222 and spindle It and the mill I8 is being rotated relatively rapidly by motor 92, crossslide 5'! is fed transversely of bed II to shift it into the position of Fig. 13, where it will be seen that it will take a milling out such as indicated at 3| l. The cut is initially made by plunging the mill into the work as shown in Fig. 13, and then, as the work revolves relatively slowly, this cut is extended about the entire periphery of the box. The cutter 18 has tapered steps 3H and 313, a tapered end 3M, and a cylindric portion 1H5, it resulting that when the milling operation is complete there will be formed in the pipe the tapered steps 3H5 and 3n, the internal conical shoulder 3 l 8, and cylindric counterbore 3 l 9.

When this out is complete, the turret is backed away from the work and rotated to bring station 12 into opposition with work W. The cross-slide is manipulated to bring it back to its original position so the axis D--D of facing tool 215 is in alinement with axis A-A. The work is then rotated at relatively high speed, by proper control of the head stock driving mechanism previously described, and the carriage is again shifted (either manually or by feed-bar operation) toward the work to enter gage plug 320 of tool T5 in the bore of box l8. Tool 75 includes inclined end-face cutter MI and square cut end-face cutter 322, which make the taper cut 323 and square cut 324, respectively, on the end of box Hi, this cutting continuing until the end 325 of plug 328 engages shoulder 3i 8 as a stop, it following that end faces 323 and 324 are in proper relationship with internal face or seat 358.

The turret is then backed away from the work and rotated to present reamer l6 thereto. The work is rotated at approximately the same speed as it was in making the cuts with tool 15, and reamer 76 is of such a nature that it accurately reams the bores and counterbores of box I3 (as originally relatively roughly cut by blanking mill 18) to finished diameters.

Then the turret is backed away from the work and rotated to bring threading mill or hob 19 into opposition therewith. The following steps in performing the threading operations need not be followed exactly, as they are given here merely as illustrative of one way in which the final end may be accomplished. While the work is held against rotation and the hob i9 is likewise at rest, the turret is moved toward the head stock with the hob axis lined up with axis A-A so the hob may be moved freely into the box bore with the smaller end of the mill opposite the point in box I8 where the thread is to start. Cross-slide 5'! is then operated to shift the turret transversely of bed I l until the hob just touches or just clears the inner periphery of the box bore, whereupon the hob is brought up to speed by motor 92.

lutch ring 225 will have been moved into engagement with worm wheel 222 so the angular velocity of the work spindle when it is started into motion will be extremely slow, as will also be the angular velocity of gears 24! and 242. With the hob rotating and just touching or just clearing the work, the operator proceeds to take the following steps approximately simultaneously; (1) he puts the work spindle into rotation (2) he engages the taper attachment I56 by manipulating lever H8 in a manner to clamp ring I64 on rod I62 (3) he engages clamping collet 260 with lead screw 54 by proper manipulation of shift-handle 282 (gear 222 will either be in the position shown in full lines in Fig. 2 or will have been shifted to the position of dotted lines therein in order that either lead-screw gear 252 or 293 will be engaged by gear 242 or gear 2 55, respectively) and, (4) he will make a plunge cut with the hob into the work by a rapid feeding of cross-slide 51 transversely of bed ll, so hob l9 occupies the position shown in Fig. 14. Then, as the work is slowly revolved, and as the taper attachment (which has been set so that the taper feed of the hob will correspond to the taper of cuts (H6 and 3H) causes proper angular or transverse movement of the hob while the carriage is being slowly fed longitudinally away from the work by lead-screw 54, threads 365 and 306 will be out in box It by the time the work has made one complete revolution, though the longitudinal feed of the hob and the rotation of the work are continued until the work has rotated slightly more than one complete revolution in order to overlap the points where the plunge cut was started. Of course, if desired a first rough cut may be made by the hob, followed by a finishing out which will bring the threads accurately to proper depth.

When the hobbing operation is complete and the turret has been shifted to clear the hob from the work, the turret is rotated to bring tool 1? into opposition with box l8 and the cross-slide is shifted to bring the axis of that tool into line with axis AA. The gearing is then changed to give relatively greater angular velocity to the work, and. with the work at turning speed. the turret is fed toward the headstock to engage tool I! with box I8, as in Fig. 12. End cutters 325 and 326 are adapted to make finishing facing cuts on shoulders 308 and 301, it being noted that tool TI also positively and finally insures the proper longitudinal spacing of said shoulders. With the finishing cuts completed by tool Tl, the turret is backed away from the work and th latter is unchucked from spindle l 6.

It will be seen that all the above operations have been accomplished with but a single chucking of the work and that the complete cycle of operations has included roughing and finishing cuts and both turning and milling operations, whereby all the advantageous ends, spoken of in the introduction to this specification, are accomplished. Other advantages will also be recognized by those skilled in the art.

However, it will be understood that various changes in design, structure and arrangement of the various elements entering into the machine, may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In combination, a lathe bed, a rotatable work-taking head supported on the bed, a carriage on said bed and movable longitudinally thereof towards and away from said head, a turret rotatably mounted on the carriage, said turret being shiftable transversely of the carriage, means for so shifting the turret, a plurality of tool stations spaced angularly about the turret and movable, by rotation of the turret, successively into opposition with the work, cutting tools at said stations, one, at least, of said tools being rotatably mounted in the turret, and a prime mover on said turret and connected to said one tool for rotatably driving it.

2. In combination, a lathe bed, a rotatable work-taking head supported on the bed, a carriage on said bed and movable longitudinally thereof towards and away from said head, a turret rotatably mounted on the carriage, a spindle rotatably supported in said turret and extending diametrically thereacross, said spindle being adapted to carry a pair of cutters, one each, at the opposite ends of the spindle, an inertia mass on the spindle between its ends, and means for rotating said spindle, said ends of the spindle being selectively movable into opposition with the end of the work by rotation of the turret.

3. In a mechanism for application to the bed of a machine having a work-rotating head, a turret adapted to be rotatably mounted on the bed at a point opposite the head, a plurality of tools angularly spaced about the turret, one, at least, of said tools being mounted for rotation on the turret, a prime mover on and rotatable with the turret, and drive connective means on the turret between said prime mover and said one tool for drivingly rotating said one tool.

4. In a mechanism for application to the bed of a machine having a work-rotating head, a hollow turret adapted to be rotatably mounted on the bed at a point opposite the head, a plurality of tools angularly spaced about the turret, one, at least, of said tools being mounted for rotation on the turret, power-driven rotating means within the turret-hollow and operatively connected to said one tool for rotatively driving it, and a prime mover carried on said turret and operatively connected to said rotating means for rotating it.

ALBERT L. STONE.

JEAN A. TYTUS.

JOSEPH H. APPLETON. 

